/*
 * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.orm.jpa;

import java.util.Map;
import javax.persistence.EntityExistsException;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityNotFoundException;
import javax.persistence.LockTimeoutException;
import javax.persistence.NoResultException;
import javax.persistence.NonUniqueResultException;
import javax.persistence.OptimisticLockException;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
import javax.persistence.PessimisticLockException;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import javax.persistence.QueryTimeoutException;
import javax.persistence.SynchronizationType;
import javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.dao.CannotAcquireLockException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException;
import org.springframework.dao.PessimisticLockingFailureException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.ResourceHolderSynchronization;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * Helper class featuring methods for JPA EntityManager handling,
 * allowing for reuse of EntityManager instances within transactions.
 * Also provides support for exception translation.
 *
 * <p>Mainly intended for internal use within the framework.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 2.0
 */
public abstract class EntityManagerFactoryUtils {

	/**
	 * Order value for TransactionSynchronization objects that clean up JPA
	 * EntityManagers. Return DataSourceUtils.CONNECTION_SYNCHRONIZATION_ORDER - 100
	 * to execute EntityManager cleanup before JDBC Connection cleanup, if any.
	 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils#CONNECTION_SYNCHRONIZATION_ORDER
	 */
	public static final int ENTITY_MANAGER_SYNCHRONIZATION_ORDER =
			DataSourceUtils.CONNECTION_SYNCHRONIZATION_ORDER - 100;

	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(EntityManagerFactoryUtils.class);


	/**
	 * Find an EntityManagerFactory with the given name in the given
	 * Spring application context (represented as ListableBeanFactory).
	 * <p>The specified unit name will be matched against the configured
	 * persistence unit, provided that a discovered EntityManagerFactory
	 * implements the {@link EntityManagerFactoryInfo} interface. If not,
	 * the persistence unit name will be matched against the Spring bean name,
	 * assuming that the EntityManagerFactory bean names follow that convention.
	 * <p>If no unit name has been given, this method will search for a default
	 * EntityManagerFactory through {@link ListableBeanFactory#getBean(Class)}.
	 * @param beanFactory the ListableBeanFactory to search
	 * @param unitName the name of the persistence unit (may be {@code null} or empty,
	 * in which case a single bean of type EntityManagerFactory will be searched for)
	 * @return the EntityManagerFactory
	 * @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no such EntityManagerFactory in the context
	 * @see EntityManagerFactoryInfo#getPersistenceUnitName()
	 */
	public static EntityManagerFactory findEntityManagerFactory(
			ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, @Nullable String unitName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {

		Assert.notNull(beanFactory, "ListableBeanFactory must not be null");
		if (StringUtils.hasLength(unitName)) {
			// See whether we can find an EntityManagerFactory with matching persistence unit name.
			String[] candidateNames =
					BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(beanFactory, EntityManagerFactory.class);
			for (String candidateName : candidateNames) {
				EntityManagerFactory emf = (EntityManagerFactory) beanFactory.getBean(candidateName);
				if (emf instanceof EntityManagerFactoryInfo) {
					if (unitName.equals(((EntityManagerFactoryInfo) emf).getPersistenceUnitName())) {
						return emf;
					}
				}
			}
			// No matching persistence unit found - simply take the EntityManagerFactory
			// with the persistence unit name as bean name (by convention).
			return beanFactory.getBean(unitName, EntityManagerFactory.class);
		}
		else {
			// Find unique EntityManagerFactory bean in the context, falling back to parent contexts.
			return beanFactory.getBean(EntityManagerFactory.class);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Obtain a JPA EntityManager from the given factory. Is aware of a corresponding
	 * EntityManager bound to the current thread, e.g. when using JpaTransactionManager.
	 * <p>Note: Will return {@code null} if no thread-bound EntityManager found!
	 * @param emf EntityManagerFactory to create the EntityManager with
	 * @return the EntityManager, or {@code null} if none found
	 * @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the EntityManager couldn't be obtained
	 * @see JpaTransactionManager
	 */
	@Nullable
	public static EntityManager getTransactionalEntityManager(EntityManagerFactory emf)
			throws DataAccessResourceFailureException {

		return getTransactionalEntityManager(emf, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Obtain a JPA EntityManager from the given factory. Is aware of a corresponding
	 * EntityManager bound to the current thread, e.g. when using JpaTransactionManager.
	 * <p>Note: Will return {@code null} if no thread-bound EntityManager found!
	 * @param emf EntityManagerFactory to create the EntityManager with
	 * @param properties the properties to be passed into the {@code createEntityManager}
	 * call (may be {@code null})
	 * @return the EntityManager, or {@code null} if none found
	 * @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the EntityManager couldn't be obtained
	 * @see JpaTransactionManager
	 */
	@Nullable
	public static EntityManager getTransactionalEntityManager(EntityManagerFactory emf, @Nullable Map<?, ?> properties)
			throws DataAccessResourceFailureException {
		try {
			return doGetTransactionalEntityManager(emf, properties, true);
		}
		catch (PersistenceException ex) {
			throw new DataAccessResourceFailureException("Could not obtain JPA EntityManager", ex);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Obtain a JPA EntityManager from the given factory. Is aware of a corresponding
	 * EntityManager bound to the current thread, e.g. when using JpaTransactionManager.
	 * <p>Same as {@code getEntityManager}, but throwing the original PersistenceException.
	 * @param emf EntityManagerFactory to create the EntityManager with
	 * @param properties the properties to be passed into the {@code createEntityManager}
	 * call (may be {@code null})
	 * @return the EntityManager, or {@code null} if none found
	 * @throws javax.persistence.PersistenceException if the EntityManager couldn't be created
	 * @see #getTransactionalEntityManager(javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory)
	 * @see JpaTransactionManager
	 */
	@Nullable
	public static EntityManager doGetTransactionalEntityManager(EntityManagerFactory emf, Map<?, ?> properties)
			throws PersistenceException {

		return doGetTransactionalEntityManager(emf, properties, true);
	}

	/**
	 * Obtain a JPA EntityManager from the given factory. Is aware of a corresponding
	 * EntityManager bound to the current thread, e.g. when using JpaTransactionManager.
	 * <p>Same as {@code getEntityManager}, but throwing the original PersistenceException.
	 * @param emf EntityManagerFactory to create the EntityManager with
	 * @param properties the properties to be passed into the {@code createEntityManager}
	 * call (may be {@code null})
	 * @param synchronizedWithTransaction whether to automatically join ongoing
	 * transactions (according to the JPA 2.1 SynchronizationType rules)
	 * @return the EntityManager, or {@code null} if none found
	 * @throws javax.persistence.PersistenceException if the EntityManager couldn't be created
	 * @see #getTransactionalEntityManager(javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory)
	 * @see JpaTransactionManager
	 */
	@Nullable
	public static EntityManager doGetTransactionalEntityManager(
			EntityManagerFactory emf, @Nullable Map<?, ?> properties, boolean synchronizedWithTransaction)
			throws PersistenceException {

		Assert.notNull(emf, "No EntityManagerFactory specified");

		EntityManagerHolder emHolder =
				(EntityManagerHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(emf);
		if (emHolder != null) {
			if (synchronizedWithTransaction) {
				if (!emHolder.isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
					if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive()) {
						// Try to explicitly synchronize the EntityManager itself
						// with an ongoing JTA transaction, if any.
						try {
							emHolder.getEntityManager().joinTransaction();
						}
						catch (TransactionRequiredException ex) {
							logger.debug("Could not join transaction because none was actually active", ex);
						}
					}
					if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
						Object transactionData = prepareTransaction(emHolder.getEntityManager(), emf);
						TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(
								new TransactionalEntityManagerSynchronization(emHolder, emf, transactionData, false));
						emHolder.setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
					}
				}
				// Use holder's reference count to track synchronizedWithTransaction access.
				// isOpen() check used below to find out about it.
				emHolder.requested();
				return emHolder.getEntityManager();
			}
			else {
				// unsynchronized EntityManager demanded
				if (emHolder.isTransactionActive() && !emHolder.isOpen()) {
					if (!TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
						return null;
					}
					// EntityManagerHolder with an active transaction coming from JpaTransactionManager,
					// with no synchronized EntityManager having been requested by application code before.
					// Unbind in order to register a new unsynchronized EntityManager instead.
					TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(emf);
				}
				else {
					// Either a previously bound unsynchronized EntityManager, or the application
					// has requested a synchronized EntityManager before and therefore upgraded
					// this transaction's EntityManager to synchronized before.
					return emHolder.getEntityManager();
				}
			}
		}
		else if (!TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {
			// Indicate that we can't obtain a transactional EntityManager.
			return null;
		}

		// Create a new EntityManager for use within the current transaction.
		logger.debug("Opening JPA EntityManager");
		EntityManager em = null;
		if (!synchronizedWithTransaction) {
			try {
				em = emf.createEntityManager(SynchronizationType.UNSYNCHRONIZED, properties);
			}
			catch (AbstractMethodError err) {
				// JPA 2.1 API available but method not actually implemented in persistence provider:
				// falling back to regular createEntityManager method.
			}
		}
		if (em == null) {
			em = (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(properties) ? emf.createEntityManager(properties) : emf.createEntityManager());
		}

		// Use same EntityManager for further JPA operations within the transaction.
		// Thread-bound object will get removed by synchronization at transaction completion.
		logger.debug("Registering transaction synchronization for JPA EntityManager");
		emHolder = new EntityManagerHolder(em);
		if (synchronizedWithTransaction) {
			Object transactionData = prepareTransaction(em, emf);
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(
					new TransactionalEntityManagerSynchronization(emHolder, emf, transactionData, true));
			emHolder.setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
		}
		else {
			// Unsynchronized - just scope it for the transaction, as demanded by the JPA 2.1 spec...
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(
					new TransactionScopedEntityManagerSynchronization(emHolder, emf));
		}
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(emf, emHolder);

		return em;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare a transaction on the given EntityManager, if possible.
	 * @param em the EntityManager to prepare
	 * @param emf the EntityManagerFactory that the EntityManager has been created with
	 * @return an arbitrary object that holds transaction data, if any
	 * (to be passed into cleanupTransaction)
	 * @see JpaDialect#prepareTransaction
	 */
	@Nullable
	private static Object prepareTransaction(EntityManager em, EntityManagerFactory emf) {
		if (emf instanceof EntityManagerFactoryInfo) {
			EntityManagerFactoryInfo emfInfo = (EntityManagerFactoryInfo) emf;
			JpaDialect jpaDialect = emfInfo.getJpaDialect();
			if (jpaDialect != null) {
				return jpaDialect.prepareTransaction(em,
						TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly(),
						TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionName());
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare a transaction on the given EntityManager, if possible.
	 * @param transactionData arbitrary object that holds transaction data, if any
	 * (as returned by prepareTransaction)
	 * @param emf the EntityManagerFactory that the EntityManager has been created with
	 * @see JpaDialect#cleanupTransaction
	 */
	private static void cleanupTransaction(@Nullable Object transactionData, EntityManagerFactory emf) {
		if (emf instanceof EntityManagerFactoryInfo) {
			EntityManagerFactoryInfo emfInfo = (EntityManagerFactoryInfo) emf;
			JpaDialect jpaDialect = emfInfo.getJpaDialect();
			if (jpaDialect != null) {
				jpaDialect.cleanupTransaction(transactionData);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Apply the current transaction timeout, if any, to the given JPA Query object.
	 * <p>This method sets the JPA 2.0 query hint "javax.persistence.query.timeout" accordingly.
	 * @param query the JPA Query object
	 * @param emf JPA EntityManagerFactory that the Query was created for
	 */
	public static void applyTransactionTimeout(Query query, EntityManagerFactory emf) {
		EntityManagerHolder emHolder = (EntityManagerHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(emf);
		if (emHolder != null && emHolder.hasTimeout()) {
			int timeoutValue = (int) emHolder.getTimeToLiveInMillis();
			try {
				query.setHint("javax.persistence.query.timeout", timeoutValue);
			}
			catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
				// oh well, at least we tried...
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Convert the given runtime exception to an appropriate exception from the
	 * {@code org.springframework.dao} hierarchy.
	 * Return null if no translation is appropriate: any other exception may
	 * have resulted from user code, and should not be translated.
	 * <p>The most important cases like object not found or optimistic locking failure
	 * are covered here. For more fine-granular conversion, JpaTransactionManager etc
	 * support sophisticated translation of exceptions via a JpaDialect.
	 * @param ex runtime exception that occurred
	 * @return the corresponding DataAccessException instance,
	 * or {@code null} if the exception should not be translated
	 */
	@Nullable
	public static DataAccessException convertJpaAccessExceptionIfPossible(RuntimeException ex) {
		// Following the JPA specification, a persistence provider can also
		// throw these two exceptions, besides PersistenceException.
		if (ex instanceof IllegalStateException) {
			return new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof IllegalArgumentException) {
			return new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
		}

		// Check for well-known PersistenceException subclasses.
		if (ex instanceof EntityNotFoundException) {
			return new JpaObjectRetrievalFailureException((EntityNotFoundException) ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof NoResultException) {
			return new EmptyResultDataAccessException(ex.getMessage(), 1, ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof NonUniqueResultException) {
			return new IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException(ex.getMessage(), 1, ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof QueryTimeoutException) {
			return new org.springframework.dao.QueryTimeoutException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof LockTimeoutException) {
			return new CannotAcquireLockException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof PessimisticLockException) {
			return new PessimisticLockingFailureException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof OptimisticLockException) {
			return new JpaOptimisticLockingFailureException((OptimisticLockException) ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof EntityExistsException) {
			return new DataIntegrityViolationException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
		}
		if (ex instanceof TransactionRequiredException) {
			return new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
		}

		// If we have another kind of PersistenceException, throw it.
		if (ex instanceof PersistenceException) {
			return new JpaSystemException(ex);
		}

		// If we get here, we have an exception that resulted from user code,
		// rather than the persistence provider, so we return null to indicate
		// that translation should not occur.
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Close the given JPA EntityManager,
	 * catching and logging any cleanup exceptions thrown.
	 * @param em the JPA EntityManager to close (may be {@code null})
	 * @see javax.persistence.EntityManager#close()
	 */
	public static void closeEntityManager(@Nullable EntityManager em) {
		if (em != null) {
			logger.debug("Closing JPA EntityManager");
			try {
				if (em.isOpen()) {
					em.close();
				}
			}
			catch (PersistenceException ex) {
				logger.debug("Could not close JPA EntityManager", ex);
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				logger.debug("Unexpected exception on closing JPA EntityManager", ex);
			}
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Callback for resource cleanup at the end of a non-JPA transaction
	 * (e.g. when participating in a JtaTransactionManager transaction),
	 * fully synchronized with the ongoing transaction.
	 * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager
	 */
	private static class TransactionalEntityManagerSynchronization
			extends ResourceHolderSynchronization<EntityManagerHolder, EntityManagerFactory>
			implements Ordered {

		@Nullable
		private final Object transactionData;

		@Nullable
		private final JpaDialect jpaDialect;

		private final boolean newEntityManager;

		public TransactionalEntityManagerSynchronization(
				EntityManagerHolder emHolder, EntityManagerFactory emf, @Nullable Object txData, boolean newEm) {

			super(emHolder, emf);
			this.transactionData = txData;
			this.jpaDialect = (emf instanceof EntityManagerFactoryInfo ?
					((EntityManagerFactoryInfo) emf).getJpaDialect() : null);
			this.newEntityManager = newEm;
		}

		@Override
		public int getOrder() {
			return ENTITY_MANAGER_SYNCHRONIZATION_ORDER;
		}

		@Override
		protected void flushResource(EntityManagerHolder resourceHolder) {
			EntityManager em = resourceHolder.getEntityManager();
			if (em instanceof EntityManagerProxy) {
				EntityManager target = ((EntityManagerProxy) em).getTargetEntityManager();
				if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(target)) {
					// ExtendedEntityManagerSynchronization active after joinTransaction() call:
					// flush synchronization already registered.
					return;
				}
			}
			try {
				em.flush();
			}
			catch (RuntimeException ex) {
				DataAccessException dae;
				if (this.jpaDialect != null) {
					dae = this.jpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(ex);
				}
				else {
					dae = convertJpaAccessExceptionIfPossible(ex);
				}
				throw (dae != null ? dae : ex);
			}
		}

		@Override
		protected boolean shouldUnbindAtCompletion() {
			return this.newEntityManager;
		}

		@Override
		protected void releaseResource(EntityManagerHolder resourceHolder, EntityManagerFactory resourceKey) {
			closeEntityManager(resourceHolder.getEntityManager());
		}

		@Override
		protected void cleanupResource(
				EntityManagerHolder resourceHolder, EntityManagerFactory resourceKey, boolean committed) {

			if (!committed) {
				// Clear all pending inserts/updates/deletes in the EntityManager.
				// Necessary for pre-bound EntityManagers, to avoid inconsistent state.
				resourceHolder.getEntityManager().clear();
			}
			cleanupTransaction(this.transactionData, resourceKey);
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Minimal callback that just closes the EntityManager at the end of the transaction.
	 */
	private static class TransactionScopedEntityManagerSynchronization
			extends ResourceHolderSynchronization<EntityManagerHolder, EntityManagerFactory>
			implements Ordered {

		public TransactionScopedEntityManagerSynchronization(EntityManagerHolder emHolder, EntityManagerFactory emf) {
			super(emHolder, emf);
		}

		@Override
		public int getOrder() {
			return ENTITY_MANAGER_SYNCHRONIZATION_ORDER + 1;
		}

		@Override
		protected void releaseResource(EntityManagerHolder resourceHolder, EntityManagerFactory resourceKey) {
			closeEntityManager(resourceHolder.getEntityManager());
		}
	}

}
